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1i)
It is written down and usually signed by those
who oversaw the document being drafted and
undertake to follow same.
ii)
Rights are clearly mentioned so that people
who are governed by rules contained in same,
know their entitlement.
iii)
Minimum expectations from leaders as well as
people are listed so that they may, with
passing time, be updated.
iv)
Promises are made to be fulfilled in future
which past have rendered necessary yet
difficult, even impossible.
v)
Certain areas maintaining status quo are
marked out so that like above mentioned
promises, they may be worked upon.
vi)
Method of determining issues related to
nationality, socio economic equity and welfare
are set out. These are inflexible, usually.
(2a)
Public opinion is defined as the nature,
democratic process spurs citizens to form
opinions on a number of issues. The political
attitudes of these persons are often stimulated
or reinforced by outside agencies a crusading
newspaper, an interest group, or a government
agency or official.
(2b)
(a)It is written down and usually signed by
those who oversaw the document being
drafted and undertake to follow same.
(b) Rights are clearly mentioned so that people
who are governed by rules contained in same,
know their entitlement.
(c) Minimum expectations from leaders as well
as people are listed so that they may, with
passing time, be updated.
(d) Promises are made to be fulfilled in future
which past have rendered necessary yet
difficult, even impossible.
(e) Certain areas maintaining status quo are
marked out so that like above mentioned
promises, they may be worked upon.
(f)Method of determining issues related to
nationality, socio economic equity and welfare
are set out. These are inflexible, usually.
*4i)The Role of Equity Legislation*
Sometimes, the law do seems to be
inconsistent with some of the laws. In other
words, laws could be ambitious, that is to say
that the laws are silent, and in such cases, it
is incumbent on the Judge to bring in his
wisdom.
This is where the Judge’s sense of honesty,
fairness, justice and impartially is necessary to
decides on the case. Sometimes, in the cause
of deciding on such cases, the Judge will
indirectly involved himself in the process of
law making. That is why it is called equity
legislation.
*ii)Judiciary Protects People’s Rights*
The judiciary is vested with the power of
safeguarding the rights of the Nigerian
citizenry. That is its supreme responsibility as
the third organ of government. In the case,
where the citizen’s rights is threatened, or
maybe, violated by whoever, the individual has
the constitution right as a Nigerian citizen to
seek his protection from the Nigerian judiciary,
because one major function of the judiciary is
the protection of the rights of the Nigerian
citizens, even foreigners, since it has to do
with human rights.
*iii)Juduciary Conducts Judicial Inquiries*
More often, issues of state important do come
up that normally begs for inquiries. In such a
situation, court Judges are normally called
upon to serve such purposes. Once Enquiry
Commissions are constituted, Judges are
always the people to head such commissions.
Some of the issues that warrant such inquiries
could be those issues that have to do with
alleged errors or sometimes, omissions on the
part of government, sometimes too, on the
part of some public servants. The role of
Judges who head such Commissions of
enquiry is to investigate on some important
and
*iv)Judiciary Special Role in a Federation*
The judiciary has more vital role to play, where
a federal system of government is practice,
such as the Nigerian situation. This role
include, guarding the constitution and as well
as arbitering disputes involving say, the
federal and the state governments.
*V)Judiciary Interprets and Applies Laws*
Another functions of the judiciary is the
interpretation and the application of laws to all
cases. We are in the know that, judiciary
disputes and as well, decides on cases brought
before it. In the course of doing this, the
judges can be said to have interpret and apply
laws.
8a
Colonialism
Colonialism is the policy of a polity seeking to
extend or
retain its authority over other people or
territories,
generally with the aim of developing or
exploiting them
to the benefit of the colonizing ...
Imperialism
Imperialism
refers to political or economic control, either
formally or
informally. In simple words, colonialism can be
thought
to be a practice and imperialism as the idea
driving the
practice.
Nationalism
Nationalism is a political, social, and economic
system
characterized by the promotion of the interests
of a
particular nation, especially with the aim of
gaining and
maintaining sovereignty over the homeland.
Warranty chief
Warrant Chiefs, Africa. ... The British appointed
willing
participants or collaborators and gave them
"warrants"
to act as local representatives of the British
administration among their pe
1)The independence constitution provided for a
democratic parliamentary system of
government whereby the office of the head of
State is different from the office of the head
of government.
2)A federal system of government was
retained.
3)Queen Elizabeth was still the Head of state,
Nnamdi Azikwe, the Governor – General, was a
ceremonial Head of State representing the
Queen until October 1st1963 when Nigeria
became a republican State.
4)The prime minister was the Head of
government and administration {Tafawa
Balewa}.
5)The constitution provided for a bi-cameral
legislature at the center, the Senate (upper
house) and House of Representatives ( lower
house).
6)The constitution provided a premier as the
Head of the executive of each region.
10a
ETHNIC CONFLICT IN NIGERIA: CAUSES
AND SOLUTION
Nigerians are very sensitive when it comes to
their ethnic
groups. An average Nigerian often sees his
own tribe as
being superior to others. Ethnic conflicts are
very
common and they bring about damage to lives
and
properties. The key causes and solution to
ethnic conflict
in Nigeria are discussed here.
Ethnic Conflict
CAUSES OF ETHNIC CONFLICT IN NIGERIA
TRIBALISM
Tribalism: Nigerians tend to segregate and
discriminate
against people that are not from the same
tribe. This
causes jealousy, hatred and can further cause
conflict
between two or more ethnic groups.
INEQUALITY
Inequity: If it seems the government favours
one ethnic
group over the other in the allocation of
resources, e.g
budget allocation. The concerned tribe would
feel slighted
and show their protests by acts of violence,
which may
result in ethnic conflict in Nigeria.
LAND DISPUTES
Land disputes: if it happens that two states
have a
dispute over the ownership of a piece of land
that serves
as a boundary, there is bound to be
disagreement
between the two ethnic groups.
HISTORY
History: if two ethnic groups have had a long-
standing
history of conflict between each other, such is
bound to
continue even in the present.
IGNORANCE
Ignorance: Many individuals live in total
ignorance about
other ethnic groups. They instead dwell on
rumors of the
negative things about other tribal groups apart
from theirs.
This would make them develop a hatred for
other tribal
groups.
SOLUTIONS TO ETHNIC CONFLICT IN
NIGERIA
SENSITISATION
Sensitization: There should be workshops to
sensitize
and create awareness to the general public on
the need
for national unity and patriotism.
EQUITY
Equity: the government should be careful
enough to share
financial resources and otherwise, equally.
DIALOGUE
Dialogue: the two ethnic parties should employ
the use of
dialogue to settle disputes.
Creation of Job opportunities
Creation of Job opportunities: there should be
the
presence of an enabling environment to engage
the
youths to avoid idleness. They should be
adequately
trained on how to establish small and medium
scale
enterprises.
INTEGRATION
Integration: platforms, where Nigerians get to
learn more
about other ethnic groups, should be
encouraged. This
would inculcate the spirit of unity and
togetherness
among citizens.
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